Who Takes Office If the President Dies

The Presidential Succession Act of 1947 was signed into law on July 18th of that year by President Harry S. Truman. This act set the order of presidential succession that is still followed today. The act established who would take over if the president dies, is incapacitated, resigns or is ousted, or is otherwise incapable of performing the job. One of the most important issues for the stability of any government is a smooth and orderly transition of power. Succession acts were installed by the U.S. government beginning within a few years of the ratification of the Constitution. These acts were set up so that in the event of the untimely death, incapacitation, or ouster of both the President and Vice President, there should be absolute certainty who would become president and in what order. In addition, those rules needed to minimize any incentive to cause a double vacancy by assassination, impeachment, or other illegitimate means; and anyone who is an unelected official acting as president should be limited in the energetic exercising of the powers of that high office. History of the Succession Acts The first succession law was enacted in the Second Congress of both houses in May of 1792. Section 8 said that in the event of the incapacity of both the President and Vice President, the President pro tempore of the US Senate was next in line, followed by the Speaker of the House of Representatives. Although the act never required implementation, there were instances when a president served without a Vice President and, had the president died, the president pro tempore would have had the title of Acting President of the United States. The Presidential Succession Act of 1886, also never implemented, set the Secretary of State as the Acting President after the President and Vice President. 1947 Act of Succession After the death of Franklin Delano Roosevelt in 1945, President Harry S. Truman lobbied for a revision of the law. The resulting act of 1947 restored the Congressional officers—who are after all at least elected—to places directly after the Vice President. The order was also revised so that the Speaker of the House came before the President Pro Tempore of the Senate. Trumans main concern was that with the third position of succession set as the Secretary of State, he would be, in effect, the one who named his own successor. The 1947 succession law established the order that is still in place today. However, the 25th Amendment to the Constitution, which was ratified in 1967, reversed Trumans practical concerns and said that if a Vice President was incapacitated, dead, or ousted, the president could appoint a new Vice President, after majority confirmation by both houses of Congress. In 1974, when both President Richard Nixon and Vice President Spiro Agnew resigned their offices since Agnew resigned first, Nixon named Gerald Ford as his vice president. And in turn, Ford was required to name his own Vice President, Nelson Rockefeller. For the first time in American history, two unelected persons held arguably the most powerful positions in the world. Current Succession Order The order of cabinet officers included in this list is determined by the dates on which each of their positions was created. Vice PresidentSpeaker of the HousePresident pro tempore of the SenateSecretary of StateSecretary of TreasurySecretary of DefenseAttorney GeneralSecretary of the InteriorSecretary of AgricultureSecretary of CommerceSecretary of LaborSecretary of Health and Human ServicesSecretary of Housing and Urban DevelopmentSecretary of TransportationSecretary of EnergySecretary of EducationSecretary of Veterans AffairsSecretary of Homeland Security Source: Calabresi SG. 1995. The Political Question of Presidential Succession. Stanford Law Review 48(1):155-175. Schlesinger AM. 1974. On the Presidential Succession. Political Science Quarterly 89(3):475-505. Silva RC. 1949. The Presidential Succession Act of 1947. Michigan Law Review 47(4):451-476.

Study Guide Culture and Media Essay - 3692 Words

Culture Media Study Guide ECONOMIC Ownership/Capitalism Particular technological configurations; o Notion of inventions.[invented by society] o Society changes the way things are viewed. Certain laws, rules, and understandings; o Pertaining to what can be shown in the media o Private broadcasters must adhere to CBSC [global CTV news must follow their rules what can be shown and when o CBSC provides guidelines so that private broadcasters can follow Persons occupying certain roles; o Specific owners who specify what others should be doing and how Representation o Putting ideas into something can take a variety of forms because everything is represented in a specific manor depending on what I am trying to get across. Notion†¦show more content†¦Who is not? How are they being portrayed? Karl Marx Friedrich Engle’s o â€Å"The ideas of the ruling class are in every epoch the ruling ideas†¦ the class which has the means of material production at its disposal, has control at the same time over the means of mental production.† o System of idea’s by ruling class = ideology of given society. o Ideology distorts reality o Audiences negotiate meaning in media o Every group, sub group, culture will interpret things differently. o Notion of â€Å"mass† does not exist because we don’t all watch, read or hear the same things. Chomsky ïÆ'   propaganda o Something is going on that makes us think we have control but we do not o Majority of population based on majority of power by minority of individuals. (Followers to few people’s ideas) o Freedom of Speech: have right to say whatever you like as long as it does not turn into hate speech o Freedom of press: freedom of speech in written form. There are restrictions as to what can be written (do not really have freedom of press) o Five Filters of Propaganda o Theory postulate five general classes of â€Å"filters† that determine the type of news that is presented in news media the five classes are: Ownership o The size of profit seeking imperative of dominant media corporations are said to be biased o Wealthy own press. Herman Chomsky: argue that mainstream media outlets are currently either large corporations or part of conglomerates. o InformationShow MoreRelatedFormal Reference Tools On Young People1002 Words   |  5 Pagesof youth culture, this encyclopedia looks at several categories of adolescent research. Topics include identity and development, relationships, social contexts, and mental health. These are all important topics for YA librarians to research, as it provides insight into the average YA librarian’s user demographic, and would allow for more thoughtful programming, collection development, and overall YA services. While this source does tackle all aspects of adolescence, not just male culture, it is lessRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography of Articles Related to Media Literacy902 Words   |  4 Pagesunderstanding of the role of media literacy for Latino/a high school students. High School Journal 94(4), pp. 167-186. In a qualitative study of a small group of Latino/a high school students, the researchers found that students perceived negative cultural messages in media they were asked to watch. The messages were not obvious to the teachers who selected the media and who were not part of this ethnic group. The study serves as a cautionary tale for teachers when selecting media for their classroomsRead MoreThe Expression Of Aggression And Gender920 Words   |  4 Pagesexhibit. However, the old studies believe that men are more likely to be aggressive. The question is what is the motivation to make people behave aggressively? The expression of aggression is related to gender because social roles and media influences have a hugely significant impact on. Social roles in the societies have an extremely profound impact on people deals between each other ;especially, when we remind the expression of aggression. One of most theories study the different on aggressionRead MoreCultural Studies By John Frow And Meaghan Morris852 Words   |  4 PagesFor this week’s reading, we read â€Å"Cultural Studies† by John Frow and Meaghan Morris. The author started out by describing how â€Å"culture† became a popular term within the media since the 1980’s and words like â€Å"postmodernism† and â€Å"globalization†. The Australian politician describe the word ‘culture’ affects people’s point of views and way of working through complicated customs, values, and expectations. The author supported the argument that changing culture is a very important aspect by using an exampleRead MoreSocial Norms And Its Effect On Society1253 Words   |  6 Pagessocial phenomena, including economic ins titutions and social norms, emerge from the actions and interactions of individuals. The task of social sciences is to study how these two components can give rise to different social dynamics and social events. For a long time, social scientists have disagreed on which component plays a dominant role. The study of social norms can help us understand a wide variety of seemingly puzzling human behavior. As norm existence and compliance can be best understood in termsRead MoreEssay on Class in Australia Today1059 Words   |  5 PagesEducational, (p 40). Study Guide SGY14 (2006/1) Social Sciences in Australia, School of Arts, Media and Culture Faculty of Arts, Griffith University, Brisbane. Engels, F. (1950) ‘Wage labour and capital: Introduction’, in K. Marx and F. Engels Selected Works in Two Volumes (Volume 1), Moscow: Foreign Languages Publishing House, pp. 66-73. Unit 2.2: How do the rich become rich? Reading 2, (p13). Handbook SGY14 (2007/1) Social Sciences in Australia, School of Arts, Media and Culture Faculty of ArtsRead MoreHow Students Adopt Social Media884 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction This study will examine how HPU students adopt social media, and if there are any difference between an early American adopter versus an early Scandinavian adopter. The literature review will guide this study by give an understanding of how new innovations in social media are being adopted by the use of Diffusion of Innovation Theory. The first three sections of the literature review will provide information of the American and Scandinavian culture, with the focus on the differencesRead MoreThe Responsibility Of A Public Relation Agency1504 Words   |  7 Pagesa bone relation agency. Therefore, as a publisher she has interacted with an outsized variety of individuals from varied culture and background. Oliver phycologist when being sentenced in jail has visaged Brobdingnagian hardships so as to guide PR agency with success. Roxy moreover needs to overcome innumerable barriers for running her organization. However, this specific study has centred to spotlight ten PR practices one by one that are maintained within the organization of Roxy. a number of theRead MoreThe Evolution And Portrayals Of Family Sitcoms Essay1347 Words   |  6 Pagesdecided to conduct this study with the focus on three sitcoms from the 1980s which are Fresh Prince, The Bill Cosby Show, and Full house. In addition, focusing on three sitcoms for comparison in todays time, 2000s which are Full House, George Lopez and Family Matters. Each of these research samples display a variety of roles played, race, gender and change in family perception. There will be significant differences in the family structures as a function of time and race/culture of sitcoms aired in theRead MoreThe Basics Of Mediation Between An Addict And A Victim Of Abuse1303 Words   |  6 Pagesforced to learn the basics of mediation between an addict and a victim of abuse. I think about the paths I could have taken, had I not met the right people. The culture clichà ©s I could have so easily followed had I chosen to conform rather than create an opportunity for myself. Through the use of persuasive communication, I was able to guide my father away from violence. I remember having trouble my early years of school as I soon became my father’s drinking partner. He needed someone to talk to

History 1302 Free Essays

The mind set of Americans during the decade prior to the Spanish American war, the influence of the Americans during the war. Expansionism and imperialism and the causes of the war and what did the Americans gain and lose. The Americans had a long history of imperialism from the expulsion of the native Americans, the Mexican American war, the Spanish American war, the control of cuba and the Philippine, the annexation of Hawaii and Samoa and also the occupation of much of latin America between 1890 and 1930. We will write a custom essay sample on History 1302 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Their tendencies were outgrowth of ethnocentrism which was the belief in manifest destiny. Expansionism was the control of another country’s market or political system through the use of trase and diplomacy and imperialism was the control of another country’s market or political system through the use or threat of use of force. The causes of the American Spanish war, united states had little interest in economic cuba and the south had yet to regain its stature. The Cuban rebels began to attack Americans owned properties, McKinley sent the battleship maine to Havana to protect the American interests, the battleship blew up due to coal dust or the magazine too close to the boiler room, Theodore Roosevelt also wanted war, he dispatched dewey to the Philippines with out the knowledge of the secretary of navy or the president of united states. America was in the mood for war to demonstrate its strength, and what better nation to go to war with, manifest destiny, racism and imperialism were also cause to the war. The United States gained almost all of Spain’s colonies, including the Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico. Cuba was granted independence, but the United States imposed various restrictions on the new government, including prohibiting alliances with other countries, and reserved for itself the right of intervention. Cuba remained technically independent but was required to submit its foreign policy to American approval. By gaining these territories it helped America gain some more resources. 3.The conditions and causes of the progressive era, how it affected people, where did the reforms begin and why, who were the three of the most famous national leader. The causes were the deplorable state of america’s cities including the boss system with it’s corruption, graft and the resulting high taxes which fell on the middle class. Uncontrolled monopolies which ran roughshod over small business and the interest of the people. The corrupt relationship between big business and state and federal government’s elected officials. Lack of any control of the negative impacts on the public of the rampant abuse of the public trust by big business. And then the abuse of children and women in the work places. 5. General reasons for the war in Europe and specific causes and the reasons for the U. S entry into the war. The general causes of the great war, imperialism each major European nation had its colonies in Africa and asia and each saw its colonies as a measure of its own national prowess and also colonies meant sources of raw materials and markets for finished goods for each country. Nationalism was such an ingrained part of the culture and different nationalities in Europe that it is had to separate it from what it means to be british, French, german, or Russia. Its also played apivot role for the Serbians who assassinated the arch duke of Austria hungary, played a role second to pride and marital fealty which bought the arch duke to Sarajevo on that fateful day and also bought America into war. Militarism could not separate from a country’s nationalism in 1914, it was the struggle for the military to make sure that their country would not loose territory if attacked that led to the war that could have been prevented, it also helped the deformed Kaiser Wilhelm to compensate for his short stature. Disintegration of the ottoman empire, vacuum caused by the dissolution of the ottoman empire caused the other nations to lust for those territories and it also liberated yearnings of nationhood and ethnic pride and revenge. Secret and entangling alliances were developed in order to maintain an equilibrium while other nations were trying to upset that equilibrium and gain a power advantage over their rivals were a material cause for the war. War was viewed as an extension of diplomacy and relatively risk free way to gain territory and advantage over a rival, the memory of the diplomats was short, it did not take into account the suffering caused by the Napoleonic wars. Continuing rivalry between france and germany following the franco-russian war. The lack of meaningful communication and understanding internally between the military and diplomatic wings of the various European countries. The U.S entry into the war, Wilson called on his fellow citizens in 1914 to remain which was impossible for a nation of immigrants from all of the countries in the war. Economic realities also made imposible the task of dealing with the belligerents on equal terms, the british put a blockade on german and the germans were using the new submarine warfare to challenge british domination on the atlantic. Wilson demanded that german promise not to repeat such outrage and the germans agreed to his demands. He also demanded that german abandon its unlawful tactics and the german government. How to cite History 1302, Essay examples

History 1302 Free Essays

The mind set of Americans during the decade prior to the Spanish American war, the influence of the Americans during the war. Expansionism and imperialism and the causes of the war and what did the Americans gain and lose. The Americans had a long history of imperialism from the expulsion of the native Americans, the Mexican American war, the Spanish American war, the control of cuba and the Philippine, the annexation of Hawaii and Samoa and also the occupation of much of latin America between 1890 and 1930. We will write a custom essay sample on History 1302 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Their tendencies were outgrowth of ethnocentrism which was the belief in manifest destiny. Expansionism was the control of another country’s market or political system through the use of trase and diplomacy and imperialism was the control of another country’s market or political system through the use or threat of use of force. The causes of the American Spanish war, united states had little interest in economic cuba and the south had yet to regain its stature. The Cuban rebels began to attack Americans owned properties, McKinley sent the battleship maine to Havana to protect the American interests, the battleship blew up due to coal dust or the magazine too close to the boiler room, Theodore Roosevelt also wanted war, he dispatched dewey to the Philippines with out the knowledge of the secretary of navy or the president of united states. America was in the mood for war to demonstrate its strength, and what better nation to go to war with, manifest destiny, racism and imperialism were also cause to the war. The United States gained almost all of Spain’s colonies, including the Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico. Cuba was granted independence, but the United States imposed various restrictions on the new government, including prohibiting alliances with other countries, and reserved for itself the right of intervention. Cuba remained technically independent but was required to submit its foreign policy to American approval. By gaining these territories it helped America gain some more resources. 3.The conditions and causes of the progressive era, how it affected people, where did the reforms begin and why, who were the three of the most famous national leader. The causes were the deplorable state of america’s cities including the boss system with it’s corruption, graft and the resulting high taxes which fell on the middle class. Uncontrolled monopolies which ran roughshod over small business and the interest of the people. The corrupt relationship between big business and state and federal government’s elected officials. Lack of any control of the negative impacts on the public of the rampant abuse of the public trust by big business. And then the abuse of children and women in the work places. 5. General reasons for the war in Europe and specific causes and the reasons for the U. S entry into the war. The general causes of the great war, imperialism each major European nation had its colonies in Africa and asia and each saw its colonies as a measure of its own national prowess and also colonies meant sources of raw materials and markets for finished goods for each country. Nationalism was such an ingrained part of the culture and different nationalities in Europe that it is had to separate it from what it means to be british, French, german, or Russia. Its also played apivot role for the Serbians who assassinated the arch duke of Austria hungary, played a role second to pride and marital fealty which bought the arch duke to Sarajevo on that fateful day and also bought America into war. Militarism could not separate from a country’s nationalism in 1914, it was the struggle for the military to make sure that their country would not loose territory if attacked that led to the war that could have been prevented, it also helped the deformed Kaiser Wilhelm to compensate for his short stature. Disintegration of the ottoman empire, vacuum caused by the dissolution of the ottoman empire caused the other nations to lust for those territories and it also liberated yearnings of nationhood and ethnic pride and revenge. Secret and entangling alliances were developed in order to maintain an equilibrium while other nations were trying to upset that equilibrium and gain a power advantage over their rivals were a material cause for the war. War was viewed as an extension of diplomacy and relatively risk free way to gain territory and advantage over a rival, the memory of the diplomats was short, it did not take into account the suffering caused by the Napoleonic wars. Continuing rivalry between france and germany following the franco-russian war. The lack of meaningful communication and understanding internally between the military and diplomatic wings of the various European countries. The U.S entry into the war, Wilson called on his fellow citizens in 1914 to remain which was impossible for a nation of immigrants from all of the countries in the war. Economic realities also made imposible the task of dealing with the belligerents on equal terms, the british put a blockade on german and the germans were using the new submarine warfare to challenge british domination on the atlantic. Wilson demanded that german promise not to repeat such outrage and the germans agreed to his demands. He also demanded that german abandon its unlawful tactics and the german government. How to cite History 1302, Essay examples